Maya and Aztec

Megan
World Religion

17 Jan 2013







1. Locations: Many Maya and Aztec cultures are still alive and flourishing today, located in territories like:  "Honduras and El Salvador through to Guatemala and Belize and north to Yucatán and southern Mexico. Maya regions are ecologically divided into three types of areas.  These are the southern lowlands, the northern lowlands, and the highlands/Pacific slope region. " Maya inhabit 2 different parts of Mexico, the lowlands and the high lands.
2.Cosmology of Maya:  "Mother Earth was created and destroyed three times before this world was made. It contains the mythological version of the creation of the world intertwined with historical facts, creation stories, cosmology, and the adventures of Hunahpu' and X'balanque, the Maya hero twins. According to the Popol Vuh, man was created with the help of Ixpiyakok and Ixmukane. Human beings were created and destroyed several times until, finally, the Creator made them from maize. After consulting with each other, the creator gods, decided to limit the vision and scope of human creatures." So I guess the Cosmology is the fact that the earth was created and destroyed three times and the Popol Vuh basically talks about what happened with this creation story.

3. Symbols: 
<--- earth (according to Maya); symbolized that there are larger forces at work and the transition involves patience.

<--- Rabbit (according to Aztec); Tochtli was a symbol for fertility. It was meant  to represent the goddess of fertility: Mayahuel

<--- storytelling and dance (According to Aztec); This image was a representation of Huehuecoyotl, who is the god of story telling and dance.











4. Aztec: "Coatepec, or Serpent Mountain, was one of the most sacred places of Aztec mythology and religion. Coatepec was the birthplace of the god Huitzilopochtli, and the place where the newly born god, fully armed, managed to kill his sister Coyolxauhqui when she attempted to kill their mother Coatlicue, with the help of her brothers, the Four Hundred Southerners" (Maestri).

Maya: Sacred Cenotes and the Chicxulub meteorite; (----->) 
5.Maya gods: 
good: Hunab Ku is the supreme diety or the creator god. The words actually mean "Only God," or "One God" which goes against the idea of polytheism because they do have more then one god, this one just seems to be of a superior stance. 
Ah Punh- Maya god Of death
Trickster- the Maya trickster was the figure of a rabbit who bagged gravel and sold it as hard yellow maize
Aztec gods:
Trickster: Tezcatlicopa who tried to convince people that canabalism was right I think?
Good: the sun god was most important, and its name was Huitzilopochtli. He was also the god of war.
Bad: Xolotl had backwards feetand caused man to fall into the underworld.
6.
7.Shaman are held very highly in both the Mayan and Aztec culture; they are healers by using the plant life that surrounded them, but also they were the only people who could communicate with the divine.
8. Ritual feasts were given in honor of the gods in Mayan culture. Aztec sacrifices were an important aspect of the Aztec religion. At the root of these Aztec rituals was the belief that the gods needed to be nourished by human beings. This was accomplished throughhuman blood. A part of the Aztec religion, therefore, was to participate in bloodletting, which is intentionally harming and drawing blood from the body.
9. Aztec Calender

Aztec people

Mayan Calender

Mayan People










Works Cited:

Aztec Symbols." Aztec Symbols. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.

 Maestri, Nicoletta. "Coatepec." About.com Archaeology. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.

"Maya Sacred Sites." Maya Sacred Sites. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.

 "Mayan Symbols." Mayan Symbols. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.

 "Overview of Maya and Aztec Civilizations." Overview of Maya and Aztec Civilizations. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.

Buddhism

Megan
Mr. Sanchez
February 10 2013

Intro: 
Buddhism allows one to understand the true nature of reality. Buddhism uses meditation, which develops qualities like awareness, kindness and wisdom. It is not a religion of a western view, for there is no real "god" or thing to be worshiped. 
Teachings:

There is constant change in Buddhism, and it takes advantage of this. Through meditation, Buddhists develop methods of working through the mind. 
Three Jewels:
The Buddha: The Buddha refers both to the historical Buddhaand Buddhahood. Going to refuge to Buddha is a symbol of your devotion and you see him as the ultimate teacher and spiritual example. 
The Dharma: is the primary teaching of the Buddha, or how he understood things. It means truth. They include records of Buddha's life. it is the practices outlined within scripture. 
The Sangha: The spiritual community. It is people who share in the same spiritual lives. this goes to the idea of Buddhism being a way of approaching life.
The Three Fold Way: there are three stages: Ethics, Meditation, and Wisdom. Another formulation of the path is the Threefold Way of ethics, meditation, and wisdom. This is a progressive path, as ethics and a clear conscience provides an indispensable basis for meditation, and meditation is the ground on which wisdom can develop.
The 4 Noble Truths: All existence is dukkha. The word dukkha has been variously translated as ‘suffering’, ‘anguish’, ‘pain’, or ‘unsatisfactoriness’. The Buddha’s insight was that our lives are a struggle, and we do not find ultimate happiness or satisfaction in anything we experience. This is the problem of existence. The cause of dukkha is craving. The natural human tendency is to blame our difficulties on things outside ourselves. But the Buddha says that their actual root is to be found in the mind itself. In particular our tendency to grasp at things (or alternatively to push them away) places us fundamentally at odds with the way life really is. The cessation of dukkha comes with the cessation of craving. As we are the ultimate cause of our difficulties, we are also the solution. We cannot change the things that happen to us, but we can change our responses.  There is a path that leads from dukkha. Although the Buddha throws responsibility back on to the individual he also taught methods through which we can change ourselves, for example the Noble Eightfold Path.

The Buddha’s ‘Noble Eightfold Path’ is a further ‘unpacking’ of the ‘Threefold Way’ and is perhaps the most widely known of the Buddha’s teachings. It is ancient, extending back to the Buddha’s first discourse and is highly valued as a treasury of wisdom and practical guidance on how to live our lives. Traditionally the teaching is seen as highlighting eight areas or ‘limbs’ of ‘right’ practice (Sangharakshita prefers ‘perfect’ to ‘right’), which sit in mutual relationship to one other and are each essential elements in an integrated approach to the Dharma:

1.      Right Understanding or Perfect Vision

2.      Right Resolve or Perfect Emotion

3.      Right Speech or Perfect Speech

4.      Right Action or Perfect Action

5.      Right Livelihood or Perfect Livelihood

6.      Right Effort or Perfect Effort

7.      Right Mindfulness or Perfect Awareness

8.      ​Right Meditation or Perfect Samadhi

Hinduism Chapter Review

Megan
World Religions
26 January 2013

1. Moksha is the Liberation or release of the individual self, atman, from the bondage of samsara; salvation; one of the four goals of life.
2. Monism is the belief that that says all reality is one. the analogy that helps us understand this is the idea that rivers, lakes and ponds are distinctive, yet they share a common essence; all are made of water. there is similarity in all the gods. all the gods are a form of Brahman.
3.Atman is the eternal self, which the Upanishads identify with Brahman; it is the eternal Self or soul of an individual that is reincarnated from one body to the next and is ultimately identified with Atman. Brahman is the eternal essence of reality and the source of the universe beyond the reach of human perception and thought.
4. they are extensions of the ultimate reality.
5. The wheel of rebirth or reincarnation; the worldly realm in which rebirth occurs.
6. Bhagavad-Gita
7. Karma and Dharma are the two principles that connect the divine to the world. Karma is pleasure especially of senual love and is one of the 4 goals of life; it is basically that every action has a reaction; dharma is the set of morals or ethical duties based on the divine order of reality in order to reach moksha.
8.The four caste systems are the Brahmin which are the priest, the Kshatriya which are warriors and administrators, the Vaishya which are the farmers, merchants, and artisans, and the Shurdra which are servants and laborers.
9. he encourages him to participte in thewar because he was born a Kshatriya, which is a worrier, so it was his sacred duty to follow the caste he was in, and that would mean to fight.
10.
      1. student
      2.householder
      3. birth of first grandchild
      4.sannyasin
11.
      1. Senual pleasure (karma)
      2. Material Pleasure (artha)
      3. Harmony with Dharma (principle of ethical duty)
      4. The Bliss of Mosksha ( Infinite being, awareness and bliss)
12.
      1. Karma Marga (for the active)
      2. Jnana Marga ( For the Philosophical)
      3. Bhakiti Marga (for the Emotional)
13.
      1. Vendanta- prevents one from experiencing the truth
      2. Sankhya- teaches importance for the religion Jainism and Buddhism, and to underlie the hindu approach of yoga
      3. Yoga- emphasizes physical and psychological practices
14. Brahman is the creator, Vishnu is the protector and Shiva is the destroyer.
15. an incarnation. Krishina and Rama are avatars.
16. The Bhagavad-Gita
17.holy places, household and village rituals, cow veneration
18. said all wisdom lights the way to divine
19. goverment forbade discrimination.
20. burning a widow after her husband dies, it was outlawed in the 1800s  but happens in rare occasions.
21. creation of Pakistan.

Primal Religions Chapter Review

Megan
World Religions
23 January 2013

1. Because Christians believe anything before them is incomplete and uncivilised (primal) and anything after them is heresy.
2. 2. The ansestors created landscapes different from those who had previously been there. there were specific languages and rules.

3. spiritual essence

4. taboo is like the prohibition of certain behaviors because of the fear of the spiritual powers that come with them. Totems are natural entity that is a symbol of an individual with importance to a specific religion.

5. ritual is important for life if it is to have meaning. And this is found through Dreaming that can be experienced.

6. ritual originated from past ansestors who created the world through dreaming. These are basically reenactments of myths.

7. Initiation rituals awaken young people to the spiritual identity and redefine their social identify in a tribe.

8. Circumcision and the two lower middle teeth being knocked out

9. Nigeria, Benin and togo

10.Yoruba believe that Orish-nla began creating the world here.

11. Yoruba cosmological view of the world depicts reality being divided into two separate worlds which were heaven and earth. Human beings are descended from gods and earth is also populated by deviant forms of human beings call witches and sorcerers who can cause chaos. The purpose of this religion is to maintain balance between the gods and humans and also to keep the sorcerers and witches from doing evil deeds.

12. He is the God of Yoruba and is the major source of th

13. 

14. One Orisha is Orish-nla and Yoruba believe that he created the earth. Another one is Ogun, the god of war and iron who was once a human but then died and became a god.

15.15  A trickster figure is a type of supernatural being who tends to disrupt the normal course of life.

16.  Family ancestors gained supernatural status by earning a good reputation and living to an old age. They are worshiped by their own families.  Diefied ancestors were important human figures in Yoruba society who are now worshiped in large numbers.

17.  The role of ritual practitioners is to mediate between the gods and ancestors in heaven, and human beings on earth.

18.  Divination is the use of various techniques for gaining knowledge about an individual’s future or about the cause of a problem. Divination is important because knowledge of one’s future is essential for determining how to proceed in one’s life.

19. Human being came to North America either 20,000 or 30,000 years ago by migrating from Asia to the Bering Strait. They gradually spread out and inhibited both North and South America.

20.  because their religion represents Native American religion in general.

21.  Wakan Tanka is the Lakota name for supreme reality and means most sacred. Wakan Tanka represents sixteen separate deities.

22.  Inktomi means spider and is the Lakota trickster figure taught the first human beings their ways and customs.

23.  The Lakota believe that when someone dies one of their four souls goes on a journey along the spirit path of the Milky Way. The soul is judged and either becomes an ancestor or a ghost on earth. The remaining parts of the soul are reborn into new bodies.

24.  The primary goal of a vision quest is for an individual to gain spiritual power to ensure greater success in hunting and warfare.

25.  A sweat lodge is a dark hut made of saplings and covered in animal skins. The Lakota built it to represent the universe and they believe the sweating leads to purification.

26.  The vision arrives in the form of an animal, an object, or a force nature. A message is often communicated in these visions and the individual tells the medicine man who then explains the vision.

27. "women with outstanding moral character"

28. Connects heaven and earth like a tree. Cottonwood tree.

29. its the only thing they actually own, and therefore is the only sacrifice suitable for the supreme being.

30.  a) highly developed/populated.b) interrelationships between myth and rituals was like other religions.

31. Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

32. Quetalcoatl; Teotihuacan

33. He was god's earthly devotee and was a priest king. he is significant  because the Aztecs believed he was the ruler or preside of the Golden Age and was the perfect role model for authority figures.

34. Age of the Fifth Sun; they anticipated the sun being destroyed like the other suns.

35. they thought it had four quarters coming from the center of the universe and this connected the earthly world to the spiritual/heavenly world.

36. because the head and the heart are reguarded as potent for the nourishment for the sun and the cosmos. it creates a link between the earthly and heavenly realms.

37. He could communicate with the gods and make offerings through language which was an alternate to sacrafice.

38. in 1519 the Aztec king was suppose to return, but the spanish general came dressed in feathers and disappointed them because the Cortex (who was the general) began to conqure them.

39. during the celebration modern day Aztecs set aside time to preform the rituals that the antient Aztecs use to practice.

40. Nature of religion-secular and sacred things are not separate; change; supernatural and human worlds have a fuzzy line between them and are easily crossed.

Vocabulary for Mid-Term

Megan
Christians in the world-6
December 13, 2012

1.X and Arrows- x is the religious sense, while the arrows are religions trying to makes sense of the religious sense.
2.Desire-what one wants, and longs for in life, both religious and non.
3.Reality- the world that faces us with all its truth and such.
4.Four truths of the I- I did not make myself, I can not make myself happy, my abilities are limited, my desires are limitless
5.Religious sense- being able to see through things
6.Ontology-the being
7.Being- existence, being alive
Annointing of the Sick
8.Suffering- Experience or be subjected to something bad or unpleasant.
9.Christ the Phyisican- Christ healing those like when he healed the blind and sick, like he was a physician, 
10. Original sin- The tendency to sin innate in all human beings, held to be inherited from Adam in consequence of the Fall.
11. Presbyters-  Of, relating to, or denoting a Christian Church or denomination governed by elders according to Presbyterianism.
12. Who Administers a sacrament? Priest, deacon, bishop, pope
13. Who receives the sacrament? anyone about to die
14. Viaticum-  is a term used especially in the roman catholic church for the eucharist (communion) administered, with or without anointing of the sick, to a person who is dying, and is thus a part of the last rites 
15. Graces- This is the grace that quiets anxiety and dissipates fear.It is the grace which enables the sick person to embrace God's will and to face the possibility of death without apprehension.It is the grace which gives the soul the strength to face and conquer whatever temptations to doubt, despondency, or even despair may mark Satan's last effort to seize this soul for himself.
16. Effects- spiritual tranquility and strength
17. Theodicy- The vindication of divine goodness and providence in view of the existence of evil.
18. Apocalyptic- Describing or prophesying the complete destruction of the world.
19.  Apostate-(chiefly in Roman Catholic contexts) The position or authority of an Apostle or a religious leader.
20. Oil of the sick- blessed oil used in the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick..
21. Extreme unction- (in the Roman Catholic Church) A former name for the sacrament of anointing of the sick, esp. when administered to the dying.
22. Society of Jesus- another name for Jesuits
23. Stations of the cross- (Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings...
Matrimony

26. declaration of nullity- According to the Catechism “ The Church holds the exchange of consent between the spouses to be the indispensable element that "makes the marriage." If consent is lacking there is no marriage.  The consent consists in a "human act by which the partners mutually give themselves to each other": "I take you to be my wife" - "I take you to be my husband." This consent that binds the spouses to each other finds its fulfillment in the two "becoming one flesh. The consent must be an act of the will of each of the contracting parties, free of coercion or grave external fear. No human power can substitute for this consent. If this freedom is lacking the marriage is invalid. For this reason (or for other reasons that render the marriage null and void) the Church, after an examination of the situation by the competent ecclesiastical tribunal, can declare the nullity of a marriage, i.e., that the marriage never existed. In this case the contracting parties are free to marry, provided the natural obligations of a previous union are discharged. 

27. Contraception-The deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse.

28. Sterilization-the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce

29. Natural Family Planning-any of several methods of family planning that do not involve sterilization or contraceptive devices or drugs; coitus is avoided during...

30. Nuptial Blessing-Prayers for the blessing of a couple being married, especially of the bride.

31. Divorce-splitting of two married people in the sense of the governmental issuing.

32. Fidelity-faithfulness to another person

33. Polygamy-being married to more than one person at a time

34. Adultery-Voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not his or her spouse.

35. Annulment-revocation: the state of being cancelled or annulled

36. Purpose of Marriage-Procreation!!

37. Procreation- Making children

38. Unity- oneness between a man and a woman

39. Intimacy-the love felt between people

40. Free Consent-saying yes to having sex

41. Exchange of Vows- when the couple talk to each other and give themselves to each other fully, right before they get married;

42. Grace- instituted by Christ through the sacraments

43. Family- the point of a marriage; creating a family for procreation and having children

44. Domestic Church- Christian Church and church (Greek kyriakon (κυριακόν), "thing belonging to the Lord"; also ekklesia (ἐκκλησί ...

45. Matrimony- The state or ceremony of being married; marriage.

46. Cohabitation- the act of living together and having a sexual relationship (especially without being married).

47. Marriage and Christ’s love-

48. Creation-The action or process of bringing something into existence: "job creation

Holy Orders

49. Diocese- A district under the pastoral care of a Christian bishop

50. Vicar-(in the Roman Catholic Church) A representative or deputy of a bishop.

51. Episcopal college-

52. Synod of Bishops-A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine

53. Ecumenical Council-An ecumenical council (or oecumenical council; also general council) is a conference of the bishops of the whole Christian Church...

54. Infallibility- The inability for the pope or bible to be wrong

55. Imprimatur- An official license by the Roman Catholic Church to print an ecclesiastical or religious book.

56. Parish- A small administrative district typically having its own church and a priest or pastor.

57. Stole- A strip of fabric used as an ecclesiastical vestment, worn over the shoulders and hanging down to the knee or below.

58. Dalmatic- The dalmatic is a long wide-sleeved tunic, which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and United..

59. Presbyters- An elder or minister of the Christian Church.

60. Seminary- A college that prepares students to be priests, ministers, or rabbis.

61. Celibacy- an unmarried status.

62. Bishops- A senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.

63. Pope- The head of the Roman Catholic Church.

64. Priest- An ordained minister of the Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican Church having the authority to perform rites and administer sacraments.

65. Deacon- An ordained minister of an order ranking below that of priest.

66. Cardinal- A leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church, nominated by the pope and collectively forming the Sacred College.

67. Clergy- The body of all people ordained for religious duties, esp. in the Christian Church

68. Chasuble- A sleeveless outer vestment worn by a Catholic or High Anglican priest when celebrating Mass, typically having a simple hole for the head.

69. Discern- Perceive or recognize

70. Areas of formation-

71. Grace-

72. Three Degrees of Holy Orders-

Baptism

73. Definition- the initiation into the catholic church, original sin is taken from you at this time.

74. Proper matter- flowing water

75. Words: “I baptize you in the name of the father and the sun and the holy spirit.”

76. Designated Minister- Bishop, Priest, or Deacon, in cases of emergency, anyone

77.Biblical bias of baptism: Baptism is important because it relates to our keeping the unity of the Spirit. The term "baptism" is used in the Bible to refer to John's baptism, the baptism of the Holy Spirit, the baptism of suffering, and in other ways. In this article we will only consider the one baptism which must be accepted to keep the unity of the Spirit.The apostle Paul entreated his readers to "preserve the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace." Eph. 4:1-3. He then wrote: "There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all." Eph. 4:4-6.

78. RCIA: The Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) is the process through which interested adults and older children are gradually introduced to the Roman Catholic faith and way of life.

79. Rite of Baptism of Children: Children who were not baptized as infants are also initiated through an adapted process of this rite, sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Rite of Christian Initiation of Children(RCIC).

80. RCIA Process: For those who join an RCIA process it is a period of reflection, prayer, instruction, discernment, and formation. 

81. Cradel vs. Convert: I’ll take a wild guess and say that this has to do with either being baptized at birth or through conversion

82. Candidates: Anyone who wants to be baptized can be, if they are older then the age of consent, they must want it on their own.

83. Catechumens- A Christian convert under instruction before baptism; A young Christian preparing for confirmation.

84.White Garment- “The white garment represents putting on Christ. Announcing that the believer has become a new creature, having been clothed with Christ, the Priest places the white garment on the new Christian. He then proclaims that this garment is the outward sign of the believer's Christian dignity. In the case of infants, with the help of the parents, godparents and friend, by their words and examples, it is proclaimed that the newly baptised child be allowed to bring that dignity unstained into the Heavenly eternal life” (Catholic Doors)

85. Baptismal Candle- “Taking the Easter candle, the priest says, "Receive the light of Christ."Then, when an infant is involved, the father or the godfather lights the child's candle from the Easter candle. The priest tells the parents and godparents that they have been entrusted with this light so it will be kept burning brightly. Having been enlightened by Christ, the child is to always walk as a child of the light. The flame of faith which is in his heart is to be kept alive at all time so when the Lord comes, he will go out to meet Him with all the saints of the Heavenly Kingdom” (Catholic Doors)
86. Oils of Baptism- “The Sacred Chrism is a perfumed oil that has been consecrated by the Bishop. (C.C.C. # 1241) When the Priest anoints the one to be baptised, he asks God to bless the believer with all the necessary graces to achieve a Christian life. The Word 'Christian' comes from the name of 'Christ' which means 'Anointed One'. The baptised person is admitted into the common priesthood of which Jesus is the High Priest” (Catholic Doors)
87. Water- “Water is used during the Sacrament of Baptism because it is a symbol of the Holy Spirit. It shows the actions of the Holy Spirit during the rebirth of Baptism in God. (C.C.C. # 1213) From the believer's heart will flow rivers of living water. [Jn. 4:10; 7:38-9]” (Catholic Doors)

88. Effects of Baptism- washes us of sin, die and rise with Christ/freed from original sin, adopted son or daughter of God, become a part of a family (the Church), indelible character, gives the gift of the Holy Spirit

Confirmation:

89. Definition- The rite at which a baptized person affirms Christian belief and is admitted as a full member of the church
90. Proper Matter- Anointing with Chrism

91. Holy spirit: (in Christianity) The third person of the Trinity; God as spiritually active in the world.

92. Age of  Discernment:the faculty of discerning; discrimination; acuteness of judgment and understanding, the age at which one is capable of making own decisions in the churches eyes; in this case, 6 or 7

93. Gifts of the holy spirit: Spiritual gifts (or charismata), according to Christianity, are gifts that are bestowed on Christians, each having his or her own proper.

94.Sponsor: someone who guides the confirmed on their journey in Christ’s love; A person or organization that provides funds or support for a project or activity carried out by another, in particular.
95. Correct Words/Form- “Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit”, oil on the forehead as a sign of the Cross
96. Designated Minister- Bishop
97. Fruits of the Spirit- love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control

98. Confirmation name: name taken from a saint in which the confirmed lead their life. In my case I choose Cecilia because ei like music and wanted her guidance.
99.Gifts of the Holy Spirit- Wisdom, counsel, piety, fortitude, fear of the Lord, knowledge, understanding
100. Pentecost- the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles

101.Effects/Implications- completes Baptism, roots us more deeply in the divine filiation, unites us more firmly with Christ, increases the gifts of the Holy Spirit in us, renders our bond with the Church more perfect, gives us special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith as witnesses of Christ and to never be ashamed of the Cross

Eucharist:

102. Definition- The Christian ceremony commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed

103. Transcendence: a state of being or existence above and beyond the limits of material experience

104. Sunday obligation: part of the requirements of being a catholic involve going to mass every Sunday and receiving the sacrament.

105. Corpus Christi: A feast of the Western Christian Church commemorating the institution of the Eucharist, observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.

106. Transubstantiation: The actual changing of bread and wine into body and blood during the sacrament of Eucharist

107. tabernacle: A habitation, typically of light construction. A tent used as a sanctuary for the Ark of the Covenant by the Israelites. 

108. Consecration: a solemn commitment of your life or your time to some cherished purpose (to a service or a goal); "his consecration to study".
109. Transubstantiation- during the moment of consecration the bread and wine are and truly become the body and blood of Christ
110. Other Names for the Eucharist- Lord’s Supper, Breaking of Bread, Eucharistic Assembly, Memorial, Holy Sacrifice, Holy and Divine Liturgy, Holy Communion, Mass
111. Proper Matter- wheat based bread and pure grape wine
112. Correct words/form- “This is my body…this is the chalice of my blood”
113. Designated Minister- Bishop or Priest
114. Requirements for Reception- Baptism, to receive Communion worthily, you must be in a state of grace, have made a good confession since your last mortal sin, believe in transubstantiation, observe the Eucharistic fast, and, finally, not be under an ecclesiastical censure such as excommunication

115. Other names: last supper;

 

Call to Holiness Essay

Megan
Christian in the World
December 2, 2012

Call to Holiness Essay

When I first started reading through the writing assigned, the first thing that stood out to me was the Catechism entries, particularly the second one from the top. It says, “Charity is the soul of the Holiness which all are called: it ‘Govern, shapes, and perfects all the means of sanctification.’” I found it has an important role in the idea that if we need something, we chase after it if it goes away. In a way holiness is charity. And we should be chasing holiness not when it goes away, but until it goes away. That’s kind of a side note; I just thought it was really interesting.

Often times, we “don’t realize what we have until it’s gone.” I think this is the same thing. We get into relationships that we assume will always be strong and wonderful, but when things begin to crumble, we chase after them until it is either gone, or we get it back. The quote said the church failed mankind because she forgot who Christ was; she did not rely on it. This is exactly the same as the quote in the prompt. The church failed mankind because it failed to recognize the presence of Christ. In the same way, we fail Christ by not recognizing the call to holiness. (wow. I didn’t even realize I had made that connection until I did…). Like I said before, the call to holiness is charity according to the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Because of this, in order to realize the holiness God has to offer, we must do more charity. They everyday catholic should do more charity. It is a simple act; it doesn’t even have to be for the standard poor or homeless, it can be for anything or anyone. A small simple act for the sake of doing it: that is holiness.

As for the last part of the prompt, I can’t say for sure I know. Maybe saying Christ’s name without shame means without sin, and recognizing his presence. Part of being holy, at least from my talk at Kairos is not boasting about your love for God, yet not being shameful either. You have to have at equal balance. Part of Holiness is striving for holiness. You have to make an effort to be holy in order to achieve it. This is the most important part because it allows a person to fully recognize the presence of Christ, and at the same time you are not chasing sometime once it disappears. Unlike the church, you would be relying on the gift of Christ, and will not be shameful. I guess that is what it means to not be shameful when speaking the name of Christ. It could also be a part of reconciliation, meaning you can’t speak the name of Christ with sin on your lips. This means you must be a full witness to Christ. Witness in this case mean myrtr, and that is the essence of not chasing Christ after he has left.