Hinduism Chapter Review

Megan
World Religions
26 January 2013

1. Moksha is the Liberation or release of the individual self, atman, from the bondage of samsara; salvation; one of the four goals of life.
2. Monism is the belief that that says all reality is one. the analogy that helps us understand this is the idea that rivers, lakes and ponds are distinctive, yet they share a common essence; all are made of water. there is similarity in all the gods. all the gods are a form of Brahman.
3.Atman is the eternal self, which the Upanishads identify with Brahman; it is the eternal Self or soul of an individual that is reincarnated from one body to the next and is ultimately identified with Atman. Brahman is the eternal essence of reality and the source of the universe beyond the reach of human perception and thought.
4. they are extensions of the ultimate reality.
5. The wheel of rebirth or reincarnation; the worldly realm in which rebirth occurs.
6. Bhagavad-Gita
7. Karma and Dharma are the two principles that connect the divine to the world. Karma is pleasure especially of senual love and is one of the 4 goals of life; it is basically that every action has a reaction; dharma is the set of morals or ethical duties based on the divine order of reality in order to reach moksha.
8.The four caste systems are the Brahmin which are the priest, the Kshatriya which are warriors and administrators, the Vaishya which are the farmers, merchants, and artisans, and the Shurdra which are servants and laborers.
9. he encourages him to participte in thewar because he was born a Kshatriya, which is a worrier, so it was his sacred duty to follow the caste he was in, and that would mean to fight.
10.
      1. student
      2.householder
      3. birth of first grandchild
      4.sannyasin
11.
      1. Senual pleasure (karma)
      2. Material Pleasure (artha)
      3. Harmony with Dharma (principle of ethical duty)
      4. The Bliss of Mosksha ( Infinite being, awareness and bliss)
12.
      1. Karma Marga (for the active)
      2. Jnana Marga ( For the Philosophical)
      3. Bhakiti Marga (for the Emotional)
13.
      1. Vendanta- prevents one from experiencing the truth
      2. Sankhya- teaches importance for the religion Jainism and Buddhism, and to underlie the hindu approach of yoga
      3. Yoga- emphasizes physical and psychological practices
14. Brahman is the creator, Vishnu is the protector and Shiva is the destroyer.
15. an incarnation. Krishina and Rama are avatars.
16. The Bhagavad-Gita
17.holy places, household and village rituals, cow veneration
18. said all wisdom lights the way to divine
19. goverment forbade discrimination.
20. burning a widow after her husband dies, it was outlawed in the 1800s  but happens in rare occasions.
21. creation of Pakistan.

Primal Religions Chapter Review

Megan
World Religions
23 January 2013

1. Because Christians believe anything before them is incomplete and uncivilised (primal) and anything after them is heresy.
2. 2. The ansestors created landscapes different from those who had previously been there. there were specific languages and rules.

3. spiritual essence

4. taboo is like the prohibition of certain behaviors because of the fear of the spiritual powers that come with them. Totems are natural entity that is a symbol of an individual with importance to a specific religion.

5. ritual is important for life if it is to have meaning. And this is found through Dreaming that can be experienced.

6. ritual originated from past ansestors who created the world through dreaming. These are basically reenactments of myths.

7. Initiation rituals awaken young people to the spiritual identity and redefine their social identify in a tribe.

8. Circumcision and the two lower middle teeth being knocked out

9. Nigeria, Benin and togo

10.Yoruba believe that Orish-nla began creating the world here.

11. Yoruba cosmological view of the world depicts reality being divided into two separate worlds which were heaven and earth. Human beings are descended from gods and earth is also populated by deviant forms of human beings call witches and sorcerers who can cause chaos. The purpose of this religion is to maintain balance between the gods and humans and also to keep the sorcerers and witches from doing evil deeds.

12. He is the God of Yoruba and is the major source of th

13. 

14. One Orisha is Orish-nla and Yoruba believe that he created the earth. Another one is Ogun, the god of war and iron who was once a human but then died and became a god.

15.15  A trickster figure is a type of supernatural being who tends to disrupt the normal course of life.

16.  Family ancestors gained supernatural status by earning a good reputation and living to an old age. They are worshiped by their own families.  Diefied ancestors were important human figures in Yoruba society who are now worshiped in large numbers.

17.  The role of ritual practitioners is to mediate between the gods and ancestors in heaven, and human beings on earth.

18.  Divination is the use of various techniques for gaining knowledge about an individual’s future or about the cause of a problem. Divination is important because knowledge of one’s future is essential for determining how to proceed in one’s life.

19. Human being came to North America either 20,000 or 30,000 years ago by migrating from Asia to the Bering Strait. They gradually spread out and inhibited both North and South America.

20.  because their religion represents Native American religion in general.

21.  Wakan Tanka is the Lakota name for supreme reality and means most sacred. Wakan Tanka represents sixteen separate deities.

22.  Inktomi means spider and is the Lakota trickster figure taught the first human beings their ways and customs.

23.  The Lakota believe that when someone dies one of their four souls goes on a journey along the spirit path of the Milky Way. The soul is judged and either becomes an ancestor or a ghost on earth. The remaining parts of the soul are reborn into new bodies.

24.  The primary goal of a vision quest is for an individual to gain spiritual power to ensure greater success in hunting and warfare.

25.  A sweat lodge is a dark hut made of saplings and covered in animal skins. The Lakota built it to represent the universe and they believe the sweating leads to purification.

26.  The vision arrives in the form of an animal, an object, or a force nature. A message is often communicated in these visions and the individual tells the medicine man who then explains the vision.

27. "women with outstanding moral character"

28. Connects heaven and earth like a tree. Cottonwood tree.

29. its the only thing they actually own, and therefore is the only sacrifice suitable for the supreme being.

30.  a) highly developed/populated.b) interrelationships between myth and rituals was like other religions.

31. Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

32. Quetalcoatl; Teotihuacan

33. He was god's earthly devotee and was a priest king. he is significant  because the Aztecs believed he was the ruler or preside of the Golden Age and was the perfect role model for authority figures.

34. Age of the Fifth Sun; they anticipated the sun being destroyed like the other suns.

35. they thought it had four quarters coming from the center of the universe and this connected the earthly world to the spiritual/heavenly world.

36. because the head and the heart are reguarded as potent for the nourishment for the sun and the cosmos. it creates a link between the earthly and heavenly realms.

37. He could communicate with the gods and make offerings through language which was an alternate to sacrafice.

38. in 1519 the Aztec king was suppose to return, but the spanish general came dressed in feathers and disappointed them because the Cortex (who was the general) began to conqure them.

39. during the celebration modern day Aztecs set aside time to preform the rituals that the antient Aztecs use to practice.

40. Nature of religion-secular and sacred things are not separate; change; supernatural and human worlds have a fuzzy line between them and are easily crossed.